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“Saudi Arabia Emerged as a Key Mediator in Ukraine Peace Talks, Signaling a Historic Shift from Europe’s Diplomatic Supremacy.”

The Next diplomatic capital of world ?

In a surprising move away from traditional European locales, President Trump has opted for Saudi Arabia as the venue for crucial Ukraine peace talks. This bold decision marks a new era in diplomacy, showcasing Trump’s strategy of prioritizing economic and geopolitical benefits through bilateral negotiations.

The discussions in Riyadh not only aim to resolve tensions but also enhance Trump’s image domestically and internationally. By leveraging Saudi Arabia’s emerging role as a neutral mediator, Trump engages with a strategic player adept at managing relations with the US, Russia, China, and Europe.

Historically, Saudi Arabia has proven its diplomatic mettle, particularly during the Jeddah peace summit in August 2023, which brought together representatives from over 40 nations. Although the summit did not produce immediate results, it highlighted Riyadh’s dedication to supporting Ukraine’s territorial integrity and peace initiatives, while successfully facilitating significant prisoner exchanges.

Saudi Arabia’s history as a mediator includes its pivotal role in the 1989 Taif Agreement that ended Lebanon’s civil war and its ongoing efforts within the Gulf Cooperation Council. This established credibility positions the Kingdom as an essential player in the quest for peace, as it seeks to redefine its global diplomatic footprint.

As these unprecedented discussions unfold in Riyadh, the world will be watching closely to see how this new diplomatic hub impacts the future of international relations, moving away from Europe’s influence and aligning with Trump’s pragmatic, bilateral strategy.

Trump and the Middle East

For a spell, the US-Saudi alliance faltered as America reduced its oil dependency and Riyadh questioned security assurances.

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) kept ties with the US while cozying up to China and Russia. He ignored calls from Washington to boost oil production amid the Ukraine crisis and collaborated with Moscow via OPEC+.

The 2023–24 Israel-Hamas conflict put a wrench in Saudi-Israeli normalization. Still, Riyadh showed interest in a deal and styled itself as a neutral mediator in Ukraine, all while strengthening economic ties with China.

In response, Washington aimed to limit Saudi-China cooperation by extending security guarantees, including nuclear energy support. Yet, Riyadh opted for a dual strategy, balancing U.S. ties with its growing global presence.

This intricate dance reflects evolving geopolitical dynamics.

President Trump’s renewed engagement with Riyadh showcases his deal-making approach, stemming from his first presidential trip to the kingdom, which sought to mend ties after the Obama administration’s strains. His business connections with Saudi Arabia, backed by hefty investments, reinforced Riyadh as his preferred diplomatic partner.

Saudi Arabia’s geopolitics 

Saudi Arabia is positioning itself as a key diplomatic player, elevating its global influence.

Russian President Vladimir Putin praised Riyadh as a credible mediator, underlining strong ties between the two nations. Meanwhile, the European Union’s diplomatic sway is waning, signaling questions about its role on the world stage. Notably, China’s involvement in Saudi-hosted peace talks showcases Riyadh’s strategic balancing among superpowers, countering Moscow’s narrative of a united front.

Despite some tensions over human rights and oil policies, Saudi Arabia remains crucial to the United States. Trump’s renewed leadership appears to have revitalized US-Saudi relations, focusing on shared goals like energy security and countering threats from Iran.

Recently, Saudi Arabia denied claims of normalizing ties with Israel without addressing Palestinian statehood, asserting its unwavering position amidst conflicting statements from President Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu.

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) has been pivotal in shaping Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic image, building extensive networks with leaders like Trump and Putin that enhances Riyadh’s global stature.

MBS’s ambitious economic initiatives, including investments in the US and collaborations with China and Russia, align with his ‘Vision 2030’ to diversify the kingdom’s economy. Support from fellow Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries like the UAE and Qatar amplifies Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic credibility and regional clout.

Impact of the Negotiations

In Riyadh, US-Russia talks aim to pave the way for ending the Ukraine war. Key agreements so far: reinstating diplomatic staff, forming a dedicated peace team, and boosting economic ties.

Despite initial concerns from Kyiv about exclusion, Ukraine’s future involvement is essential for lasting peace. Trump’s pragmatic approach, aided by Saudi Arabia’s mediation, could be a turning point in addressing humanitarian and economic crises.

Saudi Arabia is expanding its diplomatic influence, forging deeper ties with China, Russia, BRICS, and SCO while positioning itself as a regional peace broker. With Trump returning to power, Saudi Arabia sees a chance to strengthen US relations while pursuing its strategic agenda and asserting leadership in the Global South. By adopting a neutral stance and balancing major powers, Riyadh seeks greater autonomy and aims to solidify its role as a key global mediator.

By Seema Tiwari, Director, Inter Open University of Dialogues and delegates (IOUDD) Delhi, India, and former Senior Professor of International Relations.

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